{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:54:21Z","timestamp":1761663261733,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014177","name":"Bayerisch-Kalifornischen Hochschulzentrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014177","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a novel method for accurately measuring skin\u2010surface distances using standard smartphone photos and Photoshop, validated on 3D\u2010printed DIEP\u2010flap models and on calibration grid\u2010patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distance measurements are acquired in Photoshop in a calibration plane between dots on a grid\u2010pattern as well as between perforators on photos of 3D\u2010printed models and compared against ground\u2010truth. Margins of errors are calculated from fitted linear models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Submillimeter accuracy can be achieved within errors of \u00b10.45\u00a0mm (80% probability) and \u00b10.8\u00a0mm (95% probability) for measuring distances on the dot\u2010grid. On the 3D\u2010printed DIEP\u2010models, distance measurements are accurate within \u00b11.75\u00a0mm (80% probability) and \u00b13.1\u00a0mm (95% probability).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We introduce a simple yet highly accurate technique to measure skin\u2010surface distances using normal photos. Depending on the scenario, submillimeter or conservatively very low millimetre errors can be achieved, sufficiently accurate for clinical use, whilst maintaining topographic relationships of the measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T04:13:43Z","timestamp":1758168823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measuring Abdominal Skin\u2010Surface Distances Using Photos for Perforator Mapping Analysis\u2014A Validation Study on 3D\u2010Printed DIEP\u2010Flap Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian N.","family":"Necker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Anatomy Lab Faculty of Medicine Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy Friedrich\u2010Alexander 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Friedrich\u2010Alexander Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg (FAU)  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Januszyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4564-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph W.","family":"Leuze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Stanford IMMERS (Incubator for Medical Mixed and Extended Reality at Stanford) Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0475-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruce 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