{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:48:59Z","timestamp":1782449339161,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52175028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52175028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical robots offer improved precision and stability for laparoscopy; nevertheless, their limited portability and high cost impede broader clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper proposes a hand\u2010held surgical robot with an ergonomic handle and isomorphic kinematics to enhance intuitive operability and portability. A preliminary evaluation was conducted through simulated suture tasks, assessing operation time, precision, muscle activity, and cognitive load.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to conventional instruments, the hand\u2010held robot enabled novices (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08) to suture significantly faster (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.036) with reduced cognitive demand, while showing a non\u2010significant trend towards higher precision (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.206). For surgeons (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a03), performance and ergonomics were similar between the two instruments. Notably, muscle fatigue did not significantly increase when using the robot.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed hand\u2010held surgical robot provides a feasible, intuitive, and convenient solution for minimally invasive surgery (MIS), particularly beneficial for less experienced operators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T04:55:36Z","timestamp":1778043336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Preliminary Evaluation of a Hand\u2010Held Surgical Robot for Enhanced Intuitive Control in Laparoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zidong","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingkan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin WEGO Dr. Tech Medical Technology Co. 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