{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:49:07Z","timestamp":1782449347230,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(TWN IRP 17)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(TWN IRP 17)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical arthrodesis requires precise pedicle screw placement to ensure safety and effectiveness. Traditional planning and execution are time\u2010consuming and prone to variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a robot\u2010assisted system integrating three components: an AI\u2010based preoperative planning module, adapted from previous work, to generate patient\u2010specific screw trajectory from 3D CT point\u2010clouds; an intraoperative registration and motion compensation system with optical tracking to align the trajectory with patient anatomy in real time; and a comanipulation control strategy enforcing virtual fixtures and depth limits to guide the robotic arm safely. The system was tested on 3D\u2010printed models and cadaveric specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Robotic assistance significantly improved the geometric accuracy of drilling, reducing transverse positional deviations by a factor of two and orientation deviations by a factor of eight compared with freehand procedures. In addition, the average drilling depth overshoot was reduced by 50%. Perforation rates were found to be of the same order as those observed with freehand techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed workflow improves trajectory\u2010following accuracy and depth control while preserving intuitive surgeon interaction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating AI\u2010based planning, intraoperative tracking, and collaborative robotics for cervical spine surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T17:55:27Z","timestamp":1781373327000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global Workflow of a Comanipulation\u2010Based Robotic System for Cervical Spine Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Koszulinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GMSC Pprime Institute CNRS ENSMA University of Poitiers UPR 3346  Poitiers France"},{"name":"Nantes University \u00c9cole Centrale Nantes CNRS LS2N UMR 6004  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes University \u00c9cole Centrale Nantes CNRS LS2N UMR 6004  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.\u2010T.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010H.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics &amp; Bioinformatics National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Sahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.\u2010L.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Essomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Central University  Taoyuan City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Vendeuvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GMSC Pprime Institute CNRS ENSMA University of Poitiers UPR 3346  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.\u2010P.","family":"Faure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ABS Laboratory College of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Poitiers  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Zeghloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of GMSC Pprime Institute CNRS ENSMA University of Poitiers UPR 3346  Poitiers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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