{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:10:13Z","timestamp":1788865813792,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Precise temperature control is critical for safe, effective laser ablation in minimally invasive tumour treatment, but current models lack full understanding of multi\u2010physics coupling during the process.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using poroelastic theory, we developed a fully coupled optical\u2010thermal\u2010fluid\u2010solid model for high\u2010fidelity temperature prediction to optimise surgical protocols. Ex vivo experiments in pork tissue with precise needle positioning and multi\u2010point temperature measurements validated the model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simulations showed thermal expansion in elastic tissues induces fluid backflow to the heating zone (thermal focussing). A smaller beam waist enhances optical penetration, while higher porosity reduces peak temperature and promotes diffusion. Validation yielded a maximum prediction error  1.73\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a theoretical basis for precise temperature control and tissue damage prediction in laser therapy, with particular relevance to prostate tumour treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:32:25Z","timestamp":1788863545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Thermo\u2010Fluid\u2010Solid Model Thermal Damage Prediction in Laser Ablation 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