{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:52:18Z","timestamp":1791287538526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Since its initial inception, robotic\u2010assisted minimally invasive surgery (RAMIS) is continually being applied to a wider array of procedures. However, there are significant limitations in current surgical subsystems, including a large learning curve, lack of effective haptic feedback, decreased surgical intuition, and decreased dexterity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review of the literature was conducted to provide an overview of key developments in the field. Relevant articles were identified through searches of PubMed, IEEE, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, along with manual screening of references.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A selection of representative articles covering topics including teleoperation, kinematics, dynamics, and haptic feedback is discussed to highlight major themes and recent advances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite recent advances, limitations to operator experience remain. Numerous strategies and approaches are currently being proposed and explored to further advance surgical subsystems, improving dexterity, haptic feedback, movement time delay, and learning curve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1791284815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Review of Robotic Surgery: Engineering Considerations and Future Directions From Surgeons' Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4834-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University College of Engineering  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5867-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Fitschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhinaba","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University College of Engineering  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2177-0763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Stefanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael W.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8621-6168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan T.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology West Virginia University School of Medicine  Morgantown West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohel","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8775-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ashraful","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University College of Engineering  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2020 IEEE 12th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM)","author":"Chioson F. 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