{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:58Z","timestamp":1786978558921,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remediation Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Remediation and recovery efforts after a release of\n Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n (anthrax) spores may be difficult and costly. In addition, response and recovery technologies may be focused on critical resources, leaving the small business or homeowner without remediation options. This study evaluates the efficacy of relatively low levels of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) delivered from off\u2010the\u2010shelf equipment for the inactivation of\n Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spores within an indoor environment. Decontamination evaluations were conducted in a house using both\n Bacillus atrophaeus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n globigii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n Bg<\/jats:italic>\n ; as surrogates for\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n ) inoculated on the carpet and galvanized metal as coupons and\n Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gs)<\/jats:italic>\n as biological indicators on steel. The total decontamination time ranged from 4 to 7 days. Using the longer exposure times, low concentrations of HPV (average levels below 20 parts per million) effectively inactivated\n Bg<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Gs<\/jats:italic>\n spores on the materials tested. The HPV was generated with commercial humidifiers and household\u2010strength hydrogen peroxide solutions. The presence of home furnishings did not have a significant impact on HPV efficacy. This simple, inexpensive, and effective decontamination method could have significant utility for remediation following a\n B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n spore release, such as following a terrorist attack.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.21629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1575356746000},"page":"47-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Low\u2010concentration hydrogen peroxide decontamination for\n Bacillus<\/i>\n spore contamination in buildings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ronald Leroy","family":"Mickelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Land and Emergency Management Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Worth","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Serre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Land and Emergency Management Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abderrahmane","family":"Touati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security Department Jacobs Technology Inc. Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Robbins","family":"Delafield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security Department Jacobs Technology Inc. Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lola Denise","family":"Aslett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Homeland Security Department Jacobs Technology Inc. Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2007.02209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01082-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chs.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","volume-title":"Interim clearance strategy for environments contaminated with Bacillus anthracis","author":"Center for Disease Control & U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02237-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. (2007 September).Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards(NIOSH Publication No. 2005\u2010149). Cincinnati OH: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02592-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_10_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2013).Bio\u2010response operational testing and evaluation (BOTE) project\u2014Phase 1: Decontamination assessment EPA\/600\/R\u201013\/168. Washington DC: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_11_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2019).List A: Antimicrobial products registered with the EPA as sterilizers(Registration number: 58779\u20104).Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide\u2010registration\/list\u2010antimicrobial\u2010products\u2010registered\u2010epa\u2010sterilizers"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13284"}],"container-title":["Remediation Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frem.21629","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rem.21629","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rem.21629","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rem.21629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T03:32:35Z","timestamp":1694230355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rem.21629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rem.21629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rem.21629","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-5658","1520-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-5658","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}