{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:46:40Z","timestamp":1768898800581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remediation Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Undoubtedly the most searched and spoken word of last year is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), which initially originated in Wuhan, China near the end of 2019. COVID\u201019 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102). Albeit almost all countries shut down their borders to prevent rapid spread of the virus. However, the number of cases continues to increase in developing countries at a faster rate due to community and cluster transmission. The severity of this epidemic made it a pandemic as it progressed to over 200 countries. The World Health Organization (WHO), governments, and national disease control and prevention units worked together to break the chain and are working to contain the catastrophic impact of COVID\u201019. They formulated and recommended various guidelines like social distancing, frequent hand washing, and social distancing to inhibit the spread of the virus. WHO also advised that the general population and medical personnel wear face masks, face shields, gloves, and aprons. As a result, this waste category has substantially increased and, if not disposed of properly, may cause the infection or help to catalyze COVID\u201019. In developing countries, poor solid waste management may aggravate chances of spreading COVID\u201019. Sustainable solid waste management is a critical parameter for the health, wellbeing, and development of society. The measures adopted to contain and restrict the spread of the COVID\u201019 pandemic and minimize the degrees of freedom in commercial events affected solid waste management considerably. During this crucial time, the services provided by waste management agencies and personnel are invaluable and these services help to prevent the improper disposal of waste, which may lead to health risks due to the spread of COVID. COVID\u201019 is a new and novel virus and experts are learning more about it overtime and with evolving science. This review paper provides insight into different types of solid wastes generated during the pandemic, their consequences, and the implication of various policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rem.21692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T04:22:31Z","timestamp":1626150151000},"page":"111-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Consequences of COVID\u201019 pandemic on solid waste management: Scenarios pertaining to developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz I.","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algae and Biomass Research Laboratory Malaysia\u2010Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Technologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silpi","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine International School Berhampore West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3910-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murthy","family":"Chavali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTRC\u2010MCETRC and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt Ltd Medikonduru Andhra Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X20905115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statistical analysis and characteristics of hospital medical waste under novel coronavirus outbreak","volume":"6","author":"Abu\u2010Qdais H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Sanitary landfill is a solution in solid waste management or a silent threat to environment: Malaysian scenario","volume":"7","author":"Ahmad I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open International Journal of Informatics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","article-title":"Tsunami of 1.56 billion masks triggers a new wave of marine pollution","author":"Alok G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"CGTN, Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Managing infectious medical waste during the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","author":"Asian Development Bank","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"A waste\u2010rul enterprise: COVID\u201019 and India's waste management story","author":"Banerjee T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Degrees of change"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"The COVID\u201019 pandemic is unleashing a tidal wave of plastic","author":"Bengali S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Consolidated status report on scientific disposal of bio\u2010medical waste arising out of Covid\u201019 treatment \u2013 Compliance of BMWM Rules, 2016 Before Hon'ble National Green Tribunal, Principal Bench","author":"Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41204-021-00102-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2001655117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/0735-2166.00096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Feitzelberg R.(2020).Understanding the different types of face masks. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/wwd.com\/fashion\u2010news\/fashion\u2010scoops\/understanding\u2010the\u2010different\u2010types\u2010of\u2010face\u2010masks\u20101203554020\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30134-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-019-0334-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35877\/454RI.asci151"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545\u2010020\u20100051\u20100"},{"issue":"2309","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coronavirus (Covid\u201019) \u201cinfodemic\u201d and emerging issues through a data lens: The case of China","volume":"17","author":"Hua J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"International Solid Waste Association. (2020).Waste Management during the COVID 19 pandemic: ISWA's recommendations."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","article-title":"Where did 5,500 tonnes of discarded face masks end up?","author":"Jenny Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Greenpeace"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"A new type of ocean pollution: PPE","author":"Kitchener J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacune.2020.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McKibbin W. &Fernando R.(2020).The global macroeconomic impacts of covid\u201019: Seven scenarios. CAMA Working Paper Technical Report. CAMA Australian National University.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3547729"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155439"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2008.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su9020220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e06343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2020.1782357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.104947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(20)30114\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c02178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","volume-title":"Preventing disease through healthy environments. Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease","author":"Pr\u00fcss\u2010Ust\u00fcn A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5937\/ror2001049A","article-title":"The potential impact of COVID\u201019 pandemic lockdown on environmental parameters","volume":"13","author":"Qarani A. S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Recycling and Sustainable Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ajee\/2020\/v13i130171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Urban Mining and Sustainable Waste Management","author":"Rao V. V.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/jscitotenv.2020.138870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2020.100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscee.2020.100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668\u2010020\u201000956\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"Bio\u2010Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998","author":"Sharma A. K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Thailand Environment Institute Foundation (TEI). (2020).Plastic piles up in Thailand pandemic efforts sideline pollution fight bangkok waste up 62%. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.tei.or.th\/en\/highlight_detail.php?event_id=655"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","volume-title":"Asia food delivery services add tonnes of plastic to Thailand's landfills during COVID\u201019 Crisis","author":"Thailand Environment Institute Foundation (TEI)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","unstructured":"The Daily Star. (2020).Poor medical waste management will increase infections. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/editorial\/news\/poor\u2010medical\u2010waste\u2010management\u2010will\u2010increase\u2010infections\u20101909561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2004973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.142014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker T. R. (2020).plastic pollution pandemic.Dalhousie University SSRN Papers.https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=3739955orhttp:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3739955","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3739955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1899\/04-028.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO)(2020).Laboratory biosafety guidance related to coronavirus disease (\u200eCOVID\u201019)\u200e: Interim guidance. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/rest\/bitstreams\/1332458\/retrieve"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","volume-title":"Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"}],"container-title":["Remediation Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rem.21692","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rem.21692","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rem.21692","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:26:09Z","timestamp":1725409569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rem.21692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rem.21692"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rem.21692","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-5658","1520-6831"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-5658","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-6831","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}