{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:50:02Z","timestamp":1780361402197,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Rheumatoid arthritis\u2010associated interstitial lung disease (RA\u2010ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis share common risk factors, including the\n MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n promoter variant (rs35705950). We examined the contribution of air pollutants to ILD risk in an RA population and assessed the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This study included patients with RA who had undergone chest HRCT.\n MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n status was collected when available. Exposure levels to NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n , and PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n were estimated based on residential postal code using a dispersion model. Logistic regression analysed the influence of air pollution on ILD occurrence, and the interaction between air pollution and\n MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n status was evaluated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We included 594 patients with RA (mean age: 58\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years, 71% women, 44% current or ex\u2010smokers), of whom 227 (38%) had ILD and 292 patients were genotyped for\n MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n rs35705950. Increased long\u2010term exposure to NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (OR: 1.04 [1.01\u20131.06]), PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n (OR: 1.11 [1.10\u20131.24]), and PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n (OR: 1.15 [1.05\u20131.26]) was associated with ILD, after adjusting for age, sex, smoking status and HRCT year. A negative interaction between PM\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n \/PM\n 2.5<\/jats:sub>\n exposure and the T allele suggested pollution's effect on ILD risk was attenuated in the presence of the minor T allele.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Long\u2010term exposure to air pollution is an independent risk factor for RA\u2010ILD and its effect may be modified according to\n MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n rs35705950 genotype.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/resp.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T03:30:58Z","timestamp":1767583858000},"page":"369-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Air Pollution Exposure and the\n MUC5B<\/i>\n rs35705950 Variant on Interstitial Lung Disease Risk in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6886-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucile","family":"Ses\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Physiologie APHP, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR 1272 Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny France"},{"name":"Centre Constitutif de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des maladies pulmonaires rares AP\u2010HP, Service de Pneumologie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Annesi\u2010Maesano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Institute Immune4Cure, INSERM&UM Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Antoine","family":"Juge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie, H\u00f4pital Bichat, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de P\u00e9diatrie, H\u00f4pital Robert Debr\u00e9, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Sigaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Crestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie A H\u00f4pital Bichat, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Semerano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Dessimond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPAR Team, Medecine Faculty of Saint\u2010Antoine, IPLESP, INSERM & Sorbonne University Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Borie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pneumologie A H\u00f4pital Bichat, APHP Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, PHERE, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Pierre","family":"Debray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Radiologie H\u00f4pital Bichat, APHP Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Combe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de, CHRU Rhumatologie Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de, CHU Rhumatologie Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Didier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR 1272 Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord Bobigny France"},{"name":"Centre Constitutif de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence des maladies pulmonaires rares AP\u2010HP, Service de Pneumologie, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Yves","family":"Brillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Radiologie, APHP, H\u00f4pital Avicenne Bobigny France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Alari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Universitat Pompeu 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