{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:01:34Z","timestamp":1789974094660,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81920108002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81920108002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82370044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82370044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014764","name":"China International Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z\u20102017\u201024\u20102301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z\u20102017\u201024\u20102301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prevalent comorbidity in asthma, yet its impact on clinical outcomes across disease states remains poorly characterised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed data from two independent prospective cohorts. Cohort I comprised 1058 stable asthma patients (CVD:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009107; non\u2010CVD:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009951) followed for 12\u2009months to assess asthma exacerbations. Cohort II comprised 825 patients hospitalised for an acute exacerbation (CVD:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009233; non\u2010CVD:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009592). Missing data were handled by multiple imputation, and the CVD and non\u2010CVD groups were balanced using propensity score overlap weighting. Associations were estimated using negative binomial, gamma, and logistic regression. Mediation and dominance analyses were performed as exploratory analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with CVD exhibited greater airflow obstruction and a predominantly non\u2010T2 inflammatory profile characterised by increased neutrophilic inflammation. White blood cells, neutrophils, and monocytes partially mediated the association between CVD and lower FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FVC ratio, while monocytes additionally mediated the association between CVD and severe exacerbations. In Cohort I, CVD was independently associated with severe exacerbations (adjusted IRR\u2009=\u20091.96, 95% CI (1.12, 3.44)), hospitalisations, and emergency visits. In Cohort II, CVD was associated with longer hospital stay (adjusted IRR\u2009=\u20091.14, 95% CI (1.01, 1.30)) and higher direct costs, with stroke and coronary heart disease as leading contributors to prolonged stay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CVD is independently associated with worse clinical outcomes across the asthma disease spectrum. These findings support recognition of CVD as an important treatable trait in asthma and highlight the need for integrated cardiopulmonary management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/resp.70317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:15:58Z","timestamp":1789971358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Cardiovascular Comorbidities on Clinical Outcomes Across the Asthma Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1496-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Treatable Traits, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Treatable Traits, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan An Qi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Treatable Traits, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan 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Min","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Center of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Treatable Traits, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5865-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Gerard","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Treatable Traits, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle  New Lambton Heights New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Asthma and Breathing Research Program Hunter Medical Research Institute  New Lambton Heights Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine John Hunter Hospital  New 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