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To our annoyance, moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010subfertile bulls have been occasionally found in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> centers. To resolve these serious problems, it is necessary to control the sperm quality more strictly by the examinations of sperm molecules.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed a number of recent articles regarding potentials of bovine sperm proteins as the biomarkers for bull <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010subfertility and also showed our unpublished supplemental data on the bull <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010subfertility associated proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bull <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010subfertility is caused by the deficiency or dysfunctions of various molecules including regulatory proteins of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content> synthesis, acrosomal proteins, nuclear proteins, capacitation\u2010related proteins and seminal plasma proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to control the bovine sperm quality more strictly by the molecular examinations, it is necessary to select suitable sperm protein biomarkers for the male reproductive problems which happen in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> centers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,20]],"date-time":"2017-03-20T07:17:03Z","timestamp":1489994223000},"page":"89-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Protein biomarkers for male artificial insemination subfertility in bovine spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Harayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Science Department of Bioresource Science Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University  Kobe 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