{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:10:13Z","timestamp":1790611813793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Medicine & Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>To find the best methods to achieve the highest pregnancy and birth rates for couples needing testicular sperm extraction (TESE<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Retrospectively studied were 801 patients with male factor infertility who had undergone TESE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> between April, 1996 and July, 2016 and who had been categorized into four groups: obstructive azoospermia (OA<\/jats:styled-content>); non\u2010obstructive azoospermia (NOA<\/jats:styled-content>); Klinefelter syndrome (KS<\/jats:styled-content>); and cryptozoospermia (Crypt). The sperm retrieval rate, hormone levels, fertilization rate (FR<\/jats:styled-content>), pregnancy rate (PR<\/jats:styled-content>), and birth rate (BR<\/jats:styled-content>) after ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> among three groups were compared: fresh testicular sperm (FS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010fresh oocytes (FO<\/jats:styled-content>) (Group I); frozen\u2010thawed testicular sperm\u2010FO<\/jats:styled-content> (Group II); and FS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010vitrified\u2010warmed oocytes (Group III<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The testicular sperm recovery rate was 57.8% (463\/801): 89.6% in the Crypt, 97.1% in the OA<\/jats:styled-content>, 28.9% in the NOA<\/jats:styled-content>, and 42.2% in the KS<\/jats:styled-content> groups. The follicle\u2010stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the NOA<\/jats:styled-content> and KS<\/jats:styled-content> groups and the testosterone levels were significantly lower in the KS<\/jats:styled-content> group. The FR<\/jats:styled-content>, PR<\/jats:styled-content>, and BR<\/jats:styled-content> were: 65.2%, 43.2%, and 28.5% in group I; 59.2%, 33.4%, and 18.7% in group II<\/jats:styled-content>; and 56.4%, 33.8%, and 22.1% in group III<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with FS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010FO<\/jats:styled-content> achieved the best PR<\/jats:styled-content> and BR<\/jats:styled-content>. It should be considered what to do in cases with no testicular sperm by TESE<\/jats:styled-content>. The authors hope that ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> with donor sperm will be allowed in Japan in the near future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T06:46:38Z","timestamp":1512110798000},"page":"82-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Long\u2010term clinical outcomes of testicular sperm extraction and intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Okuyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyono ART Clinic Takanawa Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichiro","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyono ART Clinic Takanawa Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nao","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyono ART Clinic Takanawa Tokyo 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