{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T21:04:38Z","timestamp":1768251878479,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mouse embryos forming blastocoele early vs those forming late are predominantly male. We examined whether the male advantage could be recognized at an earlier stage of development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The IVF embryos were classified into early, intermediate, and late development groups based on the time of the third cleavage, and the <jats:italic>Zfy<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Xist<\/jats:italic> genes were detected to identify their sex in the classified embryos. Furthermore, embryos that were classified based on the time of the third cleavage were transferred to recipient animals and the sex ratio of the fetuses was determined at birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 90% of the early\u2010developing embryos that exhibited third cleavage as early as 47\u00a0hours after insemination were male when analyzed using PCR at the blastocyst stage. PCR analysis showed that 61% of the intermediate\u2010developing embryos (third cleavage occurring 48\u201050\u00a0hours after insemination) and 45% of late\u2010developing embryos (third cleavage occurring at 51\u00a0hours or later postinsemination) were male. After embryo transfer, the early\u2010developing embryos produced 80% males, while intermediate\u2010 and late\u2010developing embryos produced 56% and 45% males, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male embryos tend to develop faster than female embryos during early stage of preimplantation in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T08:55:45Z","timestamp":1604048145000},"page":"83-87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Male advantage observed for in vitro fertilization mouse embryos exhibiting early cleavage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Kawase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chugai Institute for Medical Science, Inc Gotemba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Tachibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chugai Institute for Medical Science, Inc Gotemba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chugai Institute for Medical Science, Inc Gotemba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kou\u2010ichi","family":"Jishage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chugai Institute for Medical Science, Inc Gotemba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro 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