{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T06:44:09Z","timestamp":1779345849410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of dydrogesterone in Japanese women with ovarian endometrioma in a real\u2010world setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The post\u2010marketing study involved 15 sites in Japan. Dydrogesterone 10\u00a0mg twice daily orally was administered for 21\u00a0days (day 5\u201025 of each menstrual cycle) for 4 cycles. The primary outcome measure was the change in ovarian endometrioma volume from baseline. Secondary outcome measures included total dysmenorrhea score (0\u00a0=\u00a0absent to 3\u00a0=\u00a0severe), severity of dysmenorrhea pain [0\u201010cm visual analog scale (VAS)], serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA\u2010125) levels, and safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study group comprised women with an endometrioma aged 20 to 49 (47.4% cases aged \u226540\u00a0years). Endometrioma volume was reduced in 50% (26\/52), unchanged in 25% (13\/52), and increased in 25% (13\/52) of women from baseline to the end of cycle 5; three\u2010quarters of patients thus had either reduced or unchanged ovarian endometrioma volume. Dydrogesterone significantly reduced total dysmenorrhea scores and severity of dysmenorrhea pain VAS during treatment compared with baseline. CA\u2010125 levels were not significantly changed during the study. The incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions in 59 subjects was 13.6% and 11.9%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dydrogesterone prevented an increase in endometrioma size in many women, and it also significantly improved total dysmenorrhea scores and severity of dysmenorrhea pain, and was well tolerated. 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