{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:09:52Z","timestamp":1753870192064,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J210705035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J210705035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A21H030670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A21H030670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microscopic testicular sperm extraction is the most effective treatment for NOA, but the sperm retrieval rate is low and depends on testicular maturity. However, there are limited useful tests to assess testicular maturity. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can image the distribution of trace substances in vivo. We focused on the potential role of creatine (Cr) in testes and hypothesized that Cr\u2010CEST could indicate intratesticular spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed Cr\u2010CEST by using 7T MRI on wild\u2010type C57B6\/J mice and several types of male infertility models such as Sertoli\u2010cell only (SCO) (Kit<jats:sup>w<\/jats:sup>\/Kit<jats:sup>wv<\/jats:sup>), maturation arrest (MA) (Zfp541 knockout mouse and Kctd19 knockout mouse), and teratozoospermia (Tbc1d21 knockout mouse). After performing Cr\u2010CEST, histological analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SCO and MA models showed decreased CEST signal intensity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while no reduction was observed in the teratozoospermia model (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.0). CEST signal intensity increased as the spermatogenesis stage progressed from the SCO model to the MA and teratozoospermia models. Furthermore, CEST signal intensity was reduced in 4\u2010week\u2010old wild\u2010type mice with immature testes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that Cr\u2010CEST evaluates intratesticular spermatogenesis noninvasively and provides a new therapeutic strategy for treating male infertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T15:35:57Z","timestamp":1677166557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of the efficacy of creatine chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in assessing testicular maturity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohei","family":"Kuribayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Tsujimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Imanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Suita 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