{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:35:47Z","timestamp":1792758947571,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reprod Medicine &amp; Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the COVID\u201019 pandemic nears resolution in 2024, the mechanisms by which SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and other viral infections induce spermatogenic dysfunction remain poorly understood. This review examines the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly COVID\u201019, disrupt spermatogenesis and highlights the implications for male reproductive health. While reports suggest that spermatogenic dysfunction caused by COVID\u201019 is mild and transient, these findings may have broader applications in understanding and treating spermatogenic dysfunction caused by future viral infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PubMed database was searched to identify original and review articles investigating the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, contribute to spermatogenic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 affects the testis through multiple mechanisms, including ACE2 receptor\u2010mediated entry, direct viral damage, inflammatory response, blood\u2013testis barrier disruption, hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, and impaired spermatogenesis. The combination of these factors can disrupt testicular function and highlights the complexity of the effects of COVID\u201019 on male reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 may disrupt spermatogenesis through direct testicular infection, systemic inflammation, hormonal disruption, and oxidative stress. Ongoing research, vaccination efforts, and clinical vigilance are essential to address these challenges and develop effective treatment and prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T07:20:53Z","timestamp":1737530453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Possible mechanisms of spermatogenic dysfunction induced by viral infections: Insights from\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2819-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital  Kobe Japan"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Organs Therapeutics Kobe University 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