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This study was undertaken to establish a culture system to evaluate the effect of female hormones on the growth of ULM cells in each ULM subtype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ULM cells isolated from MED12m(+) or MED12m(\u2212) tissues were cultured in a monolayer for 7\u2009days with four hormone treatments: estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) (E\u2009+\u2009P), E only (E), P only (P), and medium only (CTRL). They were also cultured in a 3D spheroid culture system with the above four treatments and a fifth treatment: E\u2009+\u2009P\u2009+\u2009selective progesterone receptor modulator (E\u2009+\u2009P\u2009+\u2009SPRM). The hormonal effects were evaluated based on cell number, spheroid size, and histology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the monolayer cultures, female hormones did not cause the proliferation of ULM cells of either subtype. In the spheroid cultures, spheroid sizes for both subtypes were significantly larger with the E\u2009+\u2009P and P treatments than with the CTRL and E treatments and were comparable in the E and E\u2009+\u2009P\u2009+\u2009SPRM treatments. Histological staining showed that collagen fibers were present only in the spheroids of the P\u2010treated groups of MED12m(+).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a 3D spheroid culture system to evaluate the effects of female hormones on ULM cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T07:30:52Z","timestamp":1737531052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Establishment of a\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    spheroid culture system to evaluate the responsiveness of uterine leiomyoma cells to female 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