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Here, we applied the technique previously established in mice to develop a novel human endometrial organoid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human endometrial tissues were digested and cultured as adherent monolayers without extracellular matrix (ECM). After 10\u2009days, self\u2010organized aggregates appeared and were transferred to low\u2010attachment plates for three\u2010dimensional culture. To assess hormonal responsiveness, organoids were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate for 4\u2009days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resulting organoids consisted of EpCAM\u2010positive epithelial cells forming an outer layer and PDGFR\u03b1\u2010positive stromal cells occupying the inner region. MUC1 and acetylated \u03b1\u2010tubulin, proteins localized on the apical surface of endometrial epithelial cells in\u00a0vivo, were expressed on the outer surface of the epithelial layer in our organoids. Hormonal stimulation altered the expression of receptivity markers, including increased PAEP and decreased PGR in epithelial cells and increased FOXO1 in both epithelial and stromal cells, reflecting in\u00a0vivo implantation\u2010phase responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a novel ECM\u2010free human endometrial organoid that recapitulates key structural and hormonal characteristics of the human endometrium, providing a promising platform for studying human implantation mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.70030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T05:23:49Z","timestamp":1771305829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Establishment of a Novel Human Endometrial 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