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We summarised the current literature surrounding the association between viruses and CD and conducted a systematic review of all studies investigating this association quantitatively. Studies were identified by searching for 13 specific virus names or the general term \u2018virus\u2019 and \u2018Crohn's disease\u2019 in search engines PubMed and OVID. A total of 1315 studies were identified, of which 78 studies had a laboratory result. Of the 78, 46 case\u2013control studies met all the inclusion criteria for forest plot analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The most common viruses studied were EBV, CMV and measles virus (MV). Forest plot analysis for each virus was carried out (fitted using random effects) and identified evidence of an association between CD and CMV (risk ratio [RR] 1.602, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.069 to 2.400) with some suggestion that EBV may also be associated with CD (RR 1.366, 95% CI 0.996 to 1.873). However, there was evidence of large heterogeneity in the results from the identified studies for EBV. There was little evidence of an association with CD for MV, human herpes virus 6, human herpes virus 8, human simplex virus, varicella\u2010zoster virus, mumps virus, Rubella virus, rotavirus, norovirus and adenovirus. There is still some question around whether CD is associated with the presence of a currently known virus. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T07:37:18Z","timestamp":1338968238000},"page":"145-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Current knowledge and systematic review of viruses associated with Crohn's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Josef","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie H.","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl D.","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics University of Melbourne  Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Latrobe University  Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02233051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(52)90025-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"Regional ileitis: a pathologic and clinical entity. 1932","volume":"67","author":"Crohn BB","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70211-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early\u2010onset crohn's disease: A longitudinal follow\u2010up study","author":"Wagner J","journal-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-1-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92867-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)90936-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(70)92532-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00289-3","article-title":"Evidence for a transmissible agent in Crohn's disease","volume":"5","author":"Beeken WL","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clinics in Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91022-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91023-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"Further electron microscopic evidence of virus\u2010like particles in Crohn's disease","volume":"24","author":"Riemann JF","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Hepatogastroenterol (Stuttg)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.21.3.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90098-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(82)90073-7","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease tissue cytotoxins","volume":"82","author":"McLaren LC","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.20.12.1057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.4.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90298-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"697","article-title":"Ileal Crohn tissue and concomitant flora inoculated into germfree rats","volume":"147","author":"Bergstrand LO","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Gustafsson BE. 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