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Any part of the eye may be affected, frequently producing blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, cataract and retinitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The more common ocular viral infections include the Herpesviruses such as HSV\u20101, VZV and CMV. The HIV pandemic is placing a serious burden on ophthalmology clinics, particularly in sub\u2010Saharan Africa as the number of viral ocular diseases is increasing. In particular, CMV retinitis is becoming more prevalent where antiretroviral therapy is not available and is replaced by immune\u2010recovery uveitis where antiretrovirals are given. This review aims to improve knowledge of the common viral ocular diseases, their diagnosis and management, as well as the fairly uncommon viral ocular diseases that may also cause considerable morbidity. 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