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Cytoplasmic viral RNA is recognized by retinoic acid\u2010inducible gene I (RIG\u2010I)\u2010like receptors, which trigger type I interferon (IFN) production. Secreted type I IFN activates ubiquitously expressed type I IFN receptor and induces IFN\u2010stimulated genes (ISGs). To suppress viral replication, several nucleases degrade viral RNA. RNase L is an ISG with endonuclease activity that degrades viral RNA, producing small RNA that activates RIG\u2010I, resulting in the amplification of type I IFN production. Moreover, recent studies have elucidated novel links between viral RNA recognition and degradation. The RNA exosome is a protein complex that includes nucleases and is essential for host and viral RNA decay. Although the small RNAs produced by the RNA exosome do not activate RIG\u2010I, several accessory factors of the RNA exosome promote RIG\u2010I activation. Zinc\u2010finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is an accessory factor that recognizes viral RNA and promotes viral RNA degradation via the RNA exosome. ZAPS is an alternative splicing form of ZAP and promotes RIG\u2010I oligomerization and ATPase activity, resulting in RIG\u2010I activation. DDX60 is another cofactor involved in the viral RNA degradation via the RNA exosome. The DDX60 protein promotes RIG\u2010I signaling in a cell\u2010type specific manner. These observations imply that viral RNA degradation and recognition are linked to each other. In this review, I discuss the links between recognition and degradation of viral RNA. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T04:56:49Z","timestamp":1449637009000},"page":"90-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Links between recognition and degradation of cytoplasmic viral RNA in innate immune response"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Oshiumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI\u2010CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edin J.","family":"Mifsud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Biologics Development, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, GI\u2010CoRE Global Station for Zoonosis Control Hokkaido University  Sapporo 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