{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T05:58:14Z","timestamp":1787637494318,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Questions investigated<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent emergence of arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. Outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we analyzed 1276 samples from patients with clinically suspected arboviral diseases between 2014 and 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described; cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Essential findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results show that CHIKV and ZIKV entered RS in 2014 and 2015, respectively, with imported cases confirmed. Autochthonous infections occurred in 2016 for both viruses, with a total of 5 autochthonous cases for CHIKV and 44 for ZIKV. Most patients were older than 21\u00a0years; the main symptoms were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, and headache; rash, conjunctivitis, and pruritus were also reported in ZIKV cases. Three cases of congenital Zika syndrome were confirmed in our study, while another 20 cases of microcephaly associated with congenital infection were confirmed (10 positive for syphilis, 6 for toxoplasmosis and 4 for cytomegalovirus).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Considering co\u2010circulation of different arbovirus in RS, including Dengue virus, CHIKV, and ZIKV, and the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> in the area, surveillance of patients infected by these viruses contributes to the control and prevention of such diseases. Practical difficulties in diagnosing these infections are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T05:32:36Z","timestamp":1505885556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Emerging arboviruses in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks, 2014\u20102016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Tatiana Sch\u00e4ffer","family":"Gregianini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB\u2010LACEN\/RS, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tani","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade \u2013 CEVS Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS, Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Favreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Estadual de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade \u2013 CEVS Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS, Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenaida Marion Alves","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB\u2010LACEN\/RS, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Luchiari","family":"Tumioto Giannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB\u2010LACEN\/RS, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nara Druck","family":"Sanberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB\u2010LACEN\/RS, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilda Tereza Mar","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Central de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, IPB\u2010LACEN\/RS, Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 SES\/RS  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Beatriz Gorini","family":"da Veiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre \u2013 UFCSPA  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000700025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"IBGE\u2013Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica.\u00c1rea Territorial Brasileira2016.http:\/\/www.ibge.gov.br\/home\/geociencias\/cartografia\/default_territ_area.shtm. 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