{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:04:37Z","timestamp":1790618677490,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes such as X\u2010linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) are at increased risk of severe and invasive infection. Viral infection in these populations has been of increasing interest as evidence mounts that viruses contribute significant morbidity and mortality: this is mediated both directly and via aberrant immune responses. We explain the importance of the humoral immune system in defence against viral pathogens before highlighting several significant viral syndromes in patients with antibody deficiency.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We explore historical cases of hepatitis C via contaminated immunoglobulin products, the predisposition to invasive enteroviral infections, prolonged excretion of vaccine\u2010derived poliovirus, the morbidity of chronic norovirus infection, and recent literature revealing the importance of respiratory viral infections. We discuss evidence that herpesviruses may play a role in driving the inflammatory disease seen in a subset of patients. We explore the phenomenon of within\u2010host evolution during chronic viral infection and the potential emergence of new pathogenic strains. We highlight novel and emerging viruses identified via deep sequencing techniques. We describe the treatment strategies that have been attempted in all these scenarios and the urgent outstanding questions for research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T08:35:51Z","timestamp":1556094951000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Viral infection in primary antibody deficiency syndromes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Timothy P.W.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology Royal Free Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Buckland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus University College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-2375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus University College  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2424"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19870415)59:8<1419::AID-CNCR2820590807>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-272096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri891"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/157895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02128-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05783-4_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.5.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61199-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.1999.4725"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02814744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198104023041403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/361226a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2977-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-19-3-329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16150-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200306000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1981.tb00095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443199"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.10.2893-2899.1998","article-title":"Prolonged replication of a type 1 vaccine\u2010derived poliovirus in an immunodeficient patient","volume":"36","author":"Kew OM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.035"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Search for poliovirus carriers among people with primary immune deficiency diseases in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, and the United Kingdom","volume":"82","author":"Halsey NA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Modeling the prevalence of immunodeficiency\u2010associatedlong\u2010termvaccine\u2010derived poliovirus excretors and the potential benefits of antiviral drugs","volume":"15","author":"Tebbens RJD","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008677"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63593-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.785.301"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Antiviral activity of Pocapavir in a randomized, blinded, placebo\u2010controlled human oral poliovirus vaccine challenge model","volume":"215","author":"Collett MS","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"1568","article-title":"Poliomyelitis in agammaglobulinemic brothers and in hypogammaglobulinemic subjects","volume":"13","author":"Durand P","year":"1961","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00918150"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"A case of hypogammaglobulinemia with enteroviral meningoencephalitis, associated with increased adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"8","author":"Alborzi A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197706302962601"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(75)90021-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Intraventricular gamma\u2010globulin for the management of enterovirus encephalitis","volume":"7","author":"Dwyer JM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-015-0418-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1289-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105213042107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(03)00309-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12600"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0749-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.03.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02561.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.6.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9807067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0341OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0806OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00075-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70767-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/342386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1806941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.9.1244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03481.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","unstructured":"Trials.gov C.Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide for the Treatment of Norovirus.2018;https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03395405. Accessed 21 Nov 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2014.09.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005532800770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.2018.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/348204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000053461.31030.D7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12491"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw222"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.3.631"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-7-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-379"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2015.02.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_105_1","first-page":"A58","article-title":"A rare presentation of Ebv related lymphoma leading to a diagnosis of hypogammaglobulinemia","volume":"111","author":"Kleinman SH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_106_1","first-page":"A87","article-title":"Case report of a patient with common variable immunodeficiency (Cvid), mannose binding lectin deficiency with persistent Ebv infection and recurrent Ebv induced leiomyosarcoma","volume":"111","author":"Kochin A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2508-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830370202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199212000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200605000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80328-9"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_116_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcome of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia","volume":"92","author":"Bjoro K","year":"1999","journal-title":"QJM\u2010Mon J Assoc Physicians"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199412153312402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2001.5036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80133-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(96)80201-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v112.pm9024300"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1995.tb06629.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.5.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199510150-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)31526-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v7.i21.2344"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07357900600815232"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.916612.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.1.6.613-619.1994","article-title":"Human\u2010immunoglobulins for intravenous use and hepatitis\u2010C viral transmission","volume":"1","author":"Slade HB","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy504"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piv040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0558-z"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frmv.2049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.2049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rmv.2049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.2049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T19:33:18Z","timestamp":1694287998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rmv.2049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rmv.2049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-9276","1099-1654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2049"}}