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To study the molecular responses of viral infectivity in mammals, <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> two\u2010dimensional and three\u2010dimensional cellular models have been employed. The <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models of mouse, pig, chicken, and nonhuman primates are primarily used to investigate the teratogenicity of the virus, to study effects of the virus on specific tissues, and to study the systemic effects of a proposed antiviral agent. The virus exhibits wide tissue tropism in the mammalian host. The major host tissues of viral persistence and propagation are neural tissue, ocular tissue, testicular tissue and placental tissue. An understanding of the function of viral components, viral replication cycle, and the molecular responses elicited in the host tissues is imperative for designing antiviral treatment strategies and for development of vaccines. 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