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Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is associated with microcephaly, seizure disorders, cognitive disability, developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Of these disabilities, SNHL is the most common, affecting approximately 10% of infants with cCMV. Although the sequelae of cCMV are well recognized, it is much less clear what long\u2010term morbidities may occur in neonates that acquire post\u2010natal CMV infection. Post\u2010natal CMV (pCMV) infection is most commonly transmitted by breast\u2010feeding, and in full\u2010term infants is of little consequence. However, in preterm, very\u2010low birthweight (VLBW) infants (&lt;1500\u2009g), pCMV can result in a severe sepsis\u2010like syndrome, with wide\u2010ranging end\u2010organ disease manifestations. Although such short\u2010term complications are well recognized among clinicians caring for premature infants, the long\u2010term risks with respect to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remain controversial. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical manifestations of breast milk\u2010acquired pCMV infection. In particular, we summarize studies that have examined\u2014sometimes with conflicting conclusions\u2014the risks of long\u2010term adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in VLBW infants that acquire pCMV from breast milk. We highlight proposed preventive strategies and antiviral interventions, and offer recommendations for high\u2010priority areas for future basic science and clinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T06:47:59Z","timestamp":1594709279000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Impact of <scp>breast milk\u2010acquired<\/scp> cytomegalovirus infection in premature infants: Pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical consequences?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Osterholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology University of Minnesota  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2108-9433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark 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