{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:14:18Z","timestamp":1782738858966,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001325","name":"Cancer Association of South Africa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009978","name":"Ernest Oppenheimer Memorial Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TMA2018SF\u20102446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TMA2018SF\u20102446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012728","name":"Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN261200800001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN261200800001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004513","name":"Harry Crossley Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kaposi's sarcoma\u2010associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), the most common AIDS\u2010related malignancy. It also causes other rare, but certainly underreported, KSHV\u2010associated pathologies, namely primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. Epidemiology and pathogenicity studies point to the potential for host genetic predisposition to KSHV infection and\/or the subsequent development of KSHV\u2010associated pathologies partly explaining the peculiar geographic and population\u2010specific incidence of KSHV and associated pathologies and discrepancies in KSHV exposure and infection and KSHV infection and disease development. This review consolidates the current knowledge of host genetic factors involved in the KSHV\u2010driven pathogenesis. Studies reviewed here indicate a plausible connection between KSHV susceptibility and host genetic factors that affect either viral access to host cells via entry mechanisms or host innate immunity to viral infection. Subsequent to infection, KSHV\u2010associated pathogenesis, reviewed here primarily in the context of KS, is likely influenced by an orchestrated concert of innate immune system interactions, downstream inflammatory pathways and oncogenic mechanisms. The association studies reviewed here point to interesting candidate genes that may prove important in achieving a more nuanced understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and associated diseases. Recent studies on host genetic factors suggest numerous candidate genes strongly associated with KSHV infection or subsequent disease development, particularly innate immune system mediators. Taken together, these contribute toward our understanding of the geographic prevalence and population susceptibility to KSHV and KSHV\u2010associated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T05:40:58Z","timestamp":1602481258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Evidence for altered host genetic factors in <scp>KSHV<\/scp> infection and <scp>KSHV<\/scp>\u2010related disease development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Maria","family":"Cornejo Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research  Frederick Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Whitby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research  Frederick Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arieh A.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1044-3828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511545313.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598523"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001567"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505043321802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.6.2069.h8002069_2069_2073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/654798"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02729-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0905316106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.8.2366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14346"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Expression of human herpesvirus\u20108 oncogene and cytokine homologues in an HIV\u2010seronegative patient with multicentric Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma","volume":"78","author":"Teruya\u2010Feldstein J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v7052592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600745"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.1.31-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2014.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-017-4049-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000201)88:3<500::AID-CNCR3>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90731-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2001.0899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61050-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089169508100502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-016-0491-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdn697"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/386308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00263-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.7.2562"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"1311","article-title":"The Interleukin\u20106\u2010174 promoter polymorphism is associated with a risk of development of Kaposi's sarcoma in renal transplant recipients","volume":"24","author":"Gazouli M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","first-page":"1203","article-title":"An IL\u20108 gene promoter polymorphism is associated with the risk of the development of AIDS\u2010related Kaposi's sarcoma: a case\u2013control study","volume":"18","author":"Kuyl AC","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0791"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-018-0456-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.7.2386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-7-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-019-0077-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20361"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Posttransplant malignancies and their relationship with human leukocyte antigens in kidney allograft recipients","volume":"1","author":"Azmandian J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Iran J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2004.02206.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401230-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28351"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2018.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2010.525664"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511827"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199510000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/375345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2011.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-0950"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040661"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2004.06060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.3.9.1054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0107-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2224"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-020-00804-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.11.4068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.3.1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1983.tb00364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1995.tb02427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.12.034"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_82_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Clinical features of Kaposi's sarcoma in Croatian renal transplant recipients","volume":"30","author":"Bubic\u2010Filipi L","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prilozi"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1600-6135.2003.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b17-00446"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2805"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2019.1704983"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.12.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0306-5251.2001.01510.x"},{"issue":"305","key":"e_1_2_12_90_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"KSHV entry and trafficking in target cells\u2014hijacking of cell signal pathways, Actin and membrane dynamics","volume":"8","author":"Kumar B","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1073","key":"e_1_2_12_91_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards understanding KSHV fusion and entry","volume":"11","author":"Dollery SJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.007260"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.075085"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41389-019-0159-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02368"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.2160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rmv.2160","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.2160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T18:31:25Z","timestamp":1692988285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rmv.2160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rmv.2160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-9276","1099-1654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2160"}}