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We performed a systematic review to examine whether prior clinical studies that compared the effects of CQ and HCQ to a control for the treatment of non\u2010SARS\u2010CoV2 infection supported the use of these agents in the present SARS\u2010CoV2 outbreak. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science (PROSPERO CRD42020183429) were searched from inception through 2 April 2020 without language restrictions. Of 1766 retrieved reports, 18 studies met our inclusion criteria, including 17 prospective controlled studies and one retrospective study. CQ or HCQ were compared to control for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis (EBV, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04), warts (human papillomavirus, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), chronic HIV infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06), acute chikungunya infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), acute dengue virus infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), chronic HCV (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), and as preventive measures for influenza infection (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Survival was not evaluated in any study. For HIV, the virus that was most investigated, while two early studies suggested HCQ reduced viral levels, four subsequent ones did not, and in two of these CQ or HCQ increased viral levels and reduced CD4 counts. Overall, three studies concluded CQ or HCQ were effective; four concluded further research was needed to assess the treatments' effectiveness; and 11 concluded that treatment was ineffective or potentially harmful. Prior controlled clinical trials with CQ and HCQ for non\u2010SARS\u2010CoV2 viral infections do not support these agents' use for the SARS\u2010CoV2 outbreak.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T09:47:26Z","timestamp":1615456046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine treatment on non\u2010SARS\u2010CoV2 viral infections: A systematic review of clinical studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xizhong","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Minkove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIH Library Clinical Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Couse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Q.","family":"Eichacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7446-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parizad","family":"Torabi\u2010Parizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0282-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID\u201019","volume":"49","author":"Chen J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8630"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016638"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019014"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00806-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106078"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762013000500010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-57-6-937"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0049"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24575"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590130095015"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0336"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Chloroquine treatment of warts. 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