{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:36:36Z","timestamp":1790361396794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initially, it was reported that coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid\u201019) affects respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological systems, but the oral, olfactory and integumentary systems are also involved. This review discusses various oral manifestations of Covid\u201019 reported in the literature along with possible underlying mechanisms. The reported manifestations include taste impairment, oral mucosal changes (petechiae, ulcers, plaque\u2010like lesions, reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1(HSV1), geographical tongue and desquamative gingivitis) and dry mouth. The prominent location for mucosal lesions are tongue, palate and labial mucosa. The exact pathogenesis of these oral symptoms is not known. Angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cell receptors are expressed in abundance on oral mucosa allowing severe acute respiratory syndrome\u2010coronavirus\u20102 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) to infect them. Gustatory impairment along with olfactory changes is now listed as a symptom of Covid\u201019 by the World Health Organization, but further research is needed to confirm a link between reported additional oral symptoms and Covid\u201019. Dental professionals may encounter individuals with Covid\u201019 and be called upon to identify various oral manifestations of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T10:31:15Z","timestamp":1621852275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Oral manifestations of Covid\u201019\u2010A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3297-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huma","family":"Farid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Margalla Institute of Health Sciences  Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6474-842X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madiha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shizrah","family":"Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robia","family":"Ghafoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University Hospital  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Coronaviridae study group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 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