{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:47:04Z","timestamp":1790650024745,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical cancer and a suspected agent for ovarian and endometrial cancers in women. It is associated with adverse outcomes during pregnancy. To date, there is no estimate of the prevalence of HPV infection in pregnant women at the regional and global levels. This study evaluated the global prevalence of HPV infection based on all observational studies that had reported the prevalence of HPV among pregnant women between January 1980 and December 2021 in PubMed\/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and SciELO databases. We utilised a random\u2010effect model to determine the global prevalence and related risk factors of HPV infection. Between\u2010studies heterogeneity was assessed using <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic. Moreover, subgroup and meta\u2010regression analyses were employed to assess the source of heterogeneity and the relationship between HPV prevalence and socio\u2010demographic factors, respectively. Among 144 eligible studies comprising 189 datasets, the overall prevalence rates of HPV at the 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated as 30.38% (26.88%\u201333.99%), 17.81% (9.81%\u201327.46%), 32.1% (25.09%\u201339.67%), 2.26% (0.1%\u20138.08%) and 25.5% (23.3%\u201327.8%) in cervico\u2010vaginal, placenta, serum, amniotic fluid and urine samples, respectively. The highest prevalence rates were estimated for countries in the African region, while countries in the European and Eastern Mediterranean regions showed the lowest prevalence rates. HPV\u201016 and \u201018 were the most prevalent isolated strains. The pregnant women living with HIV and those with pregnancy disorders had significantly higher prevalence rates than general pregnant women (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The younger ages for first intercourse and pregnancy, multiple lifetime sexual partners, and lower education levels were primary risk factors for HPV infection. In conclusion, although the overall HPV prevalence varied markedly based on sampling sites and geographical locations, the highest prevalence rates were observed in less\u2010developed countries. Our findings imply that implementing behavioural and therapeutic interventions as well as vaccination programs are crucial to prevent and reduce the current burden of HPV infection among pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T10:11:15Z","timestamp":1654769475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Worldwide prevalence of human papillomavirus among pregnant women: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7154-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Ardekani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Policy Research Center Institute of Health Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4732-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sepidarkish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public Health Babol University of Medical Sciences  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5092-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Mollalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Prevention Science School of Health Sciences Baldwin Wallace University  Berea Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parivash","family":"Afradiasbagharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safoura","family":"Rouholamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahroo","family":"Rezaeinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Farid\u2010Mojtahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrinology and Female Infertility Unit, Arash Women's Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Mahjour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Almukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago Alumni  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2303-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malihe","family":"Nourollahpour Shiadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Centre Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1358-1321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rostami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences  Babol Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010010\u20101787\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and related diseases in the world. 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