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It is an emerging public health problem, with steadily increasing case numbers over recent decades. Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus affects between 10,000 and 15,000 patients annually. Infection occurs through the bite of an infected tick and, much less commonly, through infected milk consumption or aerosols. The TBEV genome comprises a positive\u2010sense single\u2010stranded RNA molecule of \u223c11 kilobases. The open reading frame is\u00a0&gt;\u00a010,000 bases long, flanked by untranslated regions (UTR), and encodes a polyprotein that is co\u2010 and post\u2010transcriptionally processed into three structural and seven non\u2010structural proteins. Tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus infection results in encephalitis, often with a characteristic biphasic disease course. After a short incubation time, the viraemic phase is characterised by non\u2010specific influenza\u2010like symptoms. After an asymptomatic period of 2\u20137\u00a0days, more than half of patients show progression to a neurological phase, usually characterised by central and, rarely, peripheral nervous system symptoms. Mortality is low\u2014around 1% of confirmed cases, depending on the viral subtype. After acute tick\u2010borne encephalitis (TBE), a minority of patients experience long\u2010term neurological deficits. Additionally, 40%\u201350% of patients develop a post\u2010encephalitic syndrome, which significantly impairs daily activities and quality of life. Although TBEV has been described for several decades, no specific treatment exists. Much remains unknown regarding the objective assessment of long\u2010lasting sequelae. Additional research is needed to better understand, prevent, and treat TBE. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture of TBE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T11:20:25Z","timestamp":1688210425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Tick\u2010borne encephalitis: A comprehensive review of the epidemiology, virology, and clinical picture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2705-2479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Chiffi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for BioMedical Research University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Grandgirard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Leib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Diseases University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Chrdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Hospital Ceske Budejovice  Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Social Sciences University of South Bohemia  Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic"},{"name":"Royal Liverpool University Hospital  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4655-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"R\u016f\u017eek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Institute Emerging Viral Diseases  Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Biology Faculty of Science Masaryk University  Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences  Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_19_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02086-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081214"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0081-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29413\/abs.2018-3.4.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i5.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2004.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix040"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.212457"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(94)00062-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13356"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.es.2019.24.47.1900679"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101853"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101606"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02651-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz176"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08101-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000503236"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_19_25_1","unstructured":"ECDC. 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