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An effective vaccine for HCV is therefore a major unmet medical and public health need. Since HCV rapidly accumulates mutations, vaccines must elicit the production of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) in a reproducible fashion. Decades of research have generated a number of HCV vaccine candidates. Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. One issue that has arisen in developing an HCV vaccine (and many other vaccines as well) is the platform used for antigen delivery. The majority of viral vaccine trials have employed subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti\u2010HCV immune response. Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. This review discusses the potential for development of a nanoparticle\u2010based HCV E1E2 vaccine, with an emphasis on the potential benefits of such an approach along with the major challenges facing the incorporation of E1E2 into nanoparticulate delivery systems and how those challenges can be addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T10:25:31Z","timestamp":1691749531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2\u2010based nanoparticle vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric A.","family":"Toth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Andrianov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9766-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Fuerst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research  Rockville Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Progress Report on HIV Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections 2021;2021. 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