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The search strategy targeted relevant research until 22 June 2023, resulting in 20 primary studies after screening and deduplication. The findings highlight strong evidence supporting antiviral properties of melatonin. In silico studies identify melatonin as a candidate against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, reducing cytokine storm\u2010related respiratory responses. Cell culture experiments reveal its multifaceted effects on different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, anti\u2010dengue virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus. Animal studies show melatonin reduces mortality and viral replication in various infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and COVID\u201019. Clinical trials show how it could be evaluated, but with no conclusive evidence of efficacy and safety so far from large, double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trials. These insights showcase the potential of melatonin as a versatile antiviral agent with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory and antiviral properties. In summary, our review highlights melatonin's promising antiviral properties across diverse settings. Melatonin's immunomodulatory and antiviral potential makes it a compelling candidate for further investigation, emphasising the need for rigorous clinical trials to establish its safety and efficacy against viral infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T15:51:02Z","timestamp":1703173862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessing the antiviral potential of melatonin: A comprehensive systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Tasneem","family":"Alomari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haneen","family":"Al\u2010Abdallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine The 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