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Besides causing severe immune and hepatic disorders, these viral pathogens can also induce neurological dysfunctions via both direct and indirect mechanisms. Neurological dysfunctions are one of the most common manifestations caused by these viruses that can also serve as indicators of their infection, impacting the clinical presentation of the disease. The main neurological manifestations of these blood\u2010borne viral pathogens consist of several central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS, respectively) dysfunctions. The most common neurological manifestations of HIV, HTLV, HCV, and HBV include HIV\u2010associated peripheral neuropathy (PN), HTLV\u20101\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), and HCV\u2010\/HBV\u2010associated PN, respectively. 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