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Despite more than 40\u00a0years of molecular, histopathological and immunological studies on HTLV\u20101\u2010associated diseases, the virulence and pathogenicity of this virus are yet to be clarified. The reason why the majority of HTLV\u20101\u2010infected individuals (\u223c95%) remain asymptomatic carriers is still unclear. The deterioration of the immune system towards oncogenicity and autoimmunity makes HTLV\u20101 a natural probe for the study of malignancy and neuro\u2010inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its slow worldwide spreading has prompted public health authorities and researchers, as urged by the WHO, to focus on eradicating HTLV\u20101. In contrast, neither an effective therapy nor a protective vaccine has been introduced. This comprehensive review focused on the most relevant studies of the neuro\u2010inflammatory propensity of HTLV\u20101\u2010induced HAM\/TSP. Such an emphasis on the virus\u2010host interactions in the HAM\/TSP pathogenesis will be critically discussed epigenetically. The findings may shed light on future research venues in designing and developing proper HTLV\u20101 therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T01:45:18Z","timestamp":1719539118000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Novel insights into human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type\u20101 (HTLV\u20101) pathogenesis\u2010host interactions in the manifestation of HTLV\u20101\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanaz","family":"Ahmadi Ghezeldasht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan  Mashhad 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