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High\u2010grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) detected by cervical cytological screening is extensively visualised by colposcopy and successively treated by, for instance, large loop electro\u2010surgical excision of the transformation zone. Persistent infections with certain high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (hr\u2010HPV) genotypes play an essential role in cervical cancer carcinogenesis by mechanisms discussed in this review. HPV assessment, either DNA detection or HPV genotyping, could enhance the current cervical cancer screening programmes. Furthermore, primary prevention of cervical cancer through the introduction of HPV vaccines looks promising although the current vaccines merely protect against two hr\u2010HPV genotypes, leaving a niche for at least 11 other hr\u2010HPV's. Cervical screening in the post\u2010vaccination era cannot be abolished but could be altered, as discussed in this review. Algorithms with the primary objective of hr\u2010HPV testing followed by subjective cytology assessment in HPV\u2010positive women could be a solution for both pre\u2010 and post\u2010vaccination screening. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]],"date-time":"2007-11-15T12:16:29Z","timestamp":1195128989000},"page":"117-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Detection, management, and follow\u2010up of pre\u2010malignant cervical lesions and the role for human papillomavirus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"van Hamont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. L. M.","family":"Bekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. F. A. 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