{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:19:31Z","timestamp":1791425971770,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a safe and effective vaccine, there are approximately 200\u2009000 cases, including 30\u2009000 deaths, due to yellow fever virus (YFV) each year, of which 90% are in Africa. The natural history of YFV has been well described, especially in West Africa, but in East Africa yellow fever (YF) remains characterised by unpredictable focal periodicity and a precarious potential for large epidemics. Recent outbreaks of YF in Kenya (1992\u20131993) and Sudan (2003 and 2005) are important because each of these outbreaks have involved the re\u2010emergence of a YFV genotype (East Africa) that remained undetected for nearly 40 years and was previously unconfirmed in a clinically apparent outbreak. In addition, unlike West Africa and South America, YF has yet to emerge in urban areas of East Africa and be vectored by <jats:italic>Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti<\/jats:italic>. This is a significant public health concern in a region where the majority of the population remains unvaccinated. This review describes historical findings, highlights a number of disease indicators, and provides clarification regarding the natural history, recent emergence and future risk of YF in East Africa. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T07:43:30Z","timestamp":1215675810000},"page":"331-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The enigma of yellow fever in East Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Brett R.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D. 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