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They are associated with otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia. Annually, the economic impact of HRV infections costs billions in healthcare and lost productivity. Since 1987, 100 officially recognised HRV serotypes reside in two genetically distinct species; HRV A and HRV B, within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Enterovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , family\n                    <jats:italic>Picornaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Sequencing of their \u223c7kb genomes was finalised in 2009. Since 1999, many globally circulating, molecularly\u2010defined \u2018strains\u2019, perhaps equivalent to novel serotypes, have been discovered but remain uncharacterised. Many of these currently unculturable strains have been assigned to a proposed new species, HRV C although confusion exists over the membership of the species. There has not been sufficient sampling to ensure the identification of all strains and no consensus criteria exist to define whether clinical HRV detections are best described as a distinct strain or a closely related variant of a previously identified strain (or serotype). We cannot yet robustly identify patterns in the circulation of newly identified HRVs (niHRVs) or the full range of associated illnesses and more data are required. Many questions arise from this new found diversity: what drives the development of so many distinct viruses compared to other species of RNA viruses? What role does recombination play in generating this diversity? Are there species\u2010 or strain\u2010specific circulation patterns and clinical outcomes? Are divergent strains sensitive to existing capsid\u2010binding antivirals? This update reviews the findings that trigger these and other questions arising during the current cycle of intense rhinovirus discovery. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T10:08:37Z","timestamp":1265018917000},"page":"156-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Newly identified human rhinoviruses: molecular methods heat up the cold viruses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Arden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian 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