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Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) binding to epitopes on enteroviral capsid proteins can inhibit this infectious process through several mechanisms of neutralisation in vitro. Fc\u2010mediated antibody effector functions such as antibody\u2010dependent cell\u2010mediated cytotoxicity and antibody\u2010dependent cellular phagocytosis have also been described for some EV. However, antibody binding to virions does not always result in viral neutralisation. Non\u2010neutralising antibodies, or sub\u2010neutralising concentrations of antibodies, can enhance infection of viruses, leading to more severe pathologies. This phenomenon, known as antibody\u2010dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, has been described in vitro and\/or in vivo for EV including poliovirus, coxsackievirus B and EV\u2010A71. It has been shown that ADE of EV infection is mediated by Fc\u03b3Rs expressed by monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes and granulocytes. Antibodies play a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of infections. They are valuable markers that have been used to establish a link between enteroviral infection and chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies targeting enteroviral proteins have been developed and shown to be effective to prevent or combat EV infections in vitro and in vivo. In addition, vaccines are under development, and clinical trials of vaccines are underway or have been completed, providing hope for the prevention of diseases due to EV. However, the ADE of the infection should be considered in the development of anti\u2010EV antibodies or safe vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T04:15:57Z","timestamp":1730952957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enterovirus Antibodies: Friends and Foes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6488-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaldam Jesp\u00e8re","family":"Mbani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie URL3610 Univ. 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