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Infections can result in severe neurological or visceral pathologies. The relationship between oxidative stress (OS), an imbalance between generated reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant defences of the host, and flavivirus infection has been repeatedly demonstrated in in vitro and animal studies, but measuring biomarkers of oxidative stress in vivo could prove useful in clinical patient management. We summarise the knowledge and prospects of measuring peripheral OS biomarker levels for clinical case management and correlation with disease severity in six important human flavivirus infections (dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), tick\u2010borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), yellow fever virus and zika virus). We searched the Medline and Web of Science databases for \u2018Oxidative Stress\u2019 AND \u2018Biomarkers\u2019 AND \u2018Flavivirus\u2019, combined with \u2018clinical\u2019, \u2018in vivo\/in vivo\u2019, \u2018patient\u2019 and\/or \u2018disease\u2019 and included 43 peer\u2010reviewed publications. Correlation between OS and infection has been studied in all six <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>, but most clinically relevant data are available for DENV, TBEV and WNV. Plasma protein carbonyls, glutathione peroxidase activity and nitrogen monoxide are promising prognostic markers, but their measurement would benefit from methodological harmonisation. Future studies should investigate a broad range of OS biomarkers as predictors of clinically relevant outcomes. We advocate the validation and use of universal or disease\u2010specific oxidative stress indexes that incorporate the most significant outcomes into one, easy\u2010to\u2010use clinical determinant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T12:06:55Z","timestamp":1731499615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Relevance of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Human Flavivirus Infections as Predictors of Disease Progression and Severity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5490-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim","family":"Van Herreweghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis\u2014Pharmaceutical Technology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Antwerp  Wilrijk 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