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Beyond their characteristic clinical presentations, emerging viruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), have been increasingly implicated in the development of various neuropsychiatric complications including depression, mainly due to their ability to induce neuroinflammation, immune dysfunction, and neurotransmitter imbalances. Depression is a\n                    <jats:italic>common<\/jats:italic>\n                    mental health condition characterised by continuous low mood or sadness, pessimism, anxiety, and even a tendency to suicide as the main symptoms. Post viral depression commonly shows significant challenges, as traditional antidepressant agents exhibit suboptimal efficacy and prolonged onset of action. Regarding this, ketamine and its enantiomers, S\u2010ketamine and R\u2010ketamine, have recently received increasing attention as potential options in light of their potent and effective antidepressant properties. The present review describes the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of depression associated with emerging viruses, highlighting the role of neuroinflammation and disturbances inneurotransmitter systems. It also discusses the antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine and its enantiomers, the current clinical evidence demonstrating their effectiveness and safety, especially in the case of treatment\u2010resistant depression, and their growing relevance for mood complications linked to emerging viral infections, including depression. Although preliminary reports propose effectiveness, additional studies are needed to present optimal treatment strategies, long\u2010term safety, and incorporation into clinical practice. Addressing these challenges will be critical for optimising the effectiveness of ketamine\u2010 and (S, R)\u2010ketamine\u2010containing therapeutic protocols in treating depression linked to emerging viral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T23:07:31Z","timestamp":1744240051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emerging Viral Infections (ZIKV, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, and MPXV) and Depression: Ketamine and (S, R)\u2010Ketamine as Promising Antidepressants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Qingdao Central Hospital University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Qingdao Central Hospital University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuibo","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Qingdao Central Hospital University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shoushi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Qingdao Central Hospital University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-6259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010023\u201002878\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i7.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974\u2010022\u201002460\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2934"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5765\/jkacap.230064"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13063221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47059\/revistageintec.v11i2.1643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Depression: The Disorder and the Burden","author":"Reddy M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1640604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"How Ketamine Became an Antidepressant","volume":"39","author":"Joralemon V.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Berkeley Tech LJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44192\u2010022\u201000012\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62347\/vtkd5295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2021.105505"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010024\u201001738\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"122","volume-title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology of Depression","author":"Fouad M. 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