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Manipulation of innate immune sensing allows the virus to affect the quality of sensing and ensure its long\u2010term persistence in the cell without completely evading immunity or shutting down the innate immune system. The consequences of this reprogramming are altered interferon responses, reshaping inflammatory signalling, or, in other words, an insufficient innate immune activation to achieve complete viral clearance. On the other hand, continuous reprogramming of the immune system itself can lead to changes in the tissue microenvironment (TME) and change this environment in favour of tumour cell establishment and survival. In this review article, we intend to provide a conceptual framework for understanding the common viral pathways (convergent) and the different tissue\u2010depend and virus\u2010dependent effects (divergent), focussing on common oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Epstein\u2010Barr virus (EBV). 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