{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:52:34Z","timestamp":1791661954467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Process: 445276\/2023\u20131;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Process: 445276\/2023\u20131;"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and arrhythmias, have been associated with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, representing an important cause of long\u2010term morbidity and mortality. In addition to preventing primary infection, COVID\u201019 vaccination has emerged as a protective factor against post\u2010COVID cardiovascular outcomes. This study aims to analyse the evidence supporting a causal relationship between COVID\u201019 vaccination and the prevention of post\u2010COVID cardiovascular conditions, based on classical and contemporary epidemiological criteria, including the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC) and the sufficient component cause (SCC) model. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed according to the nine BHC and the SCC model. Scientific evidence indicates that COVID\u201019 vaccination meets four of the nine BHC as a protective factor against post\u2010COVID cardiovascular conditions, namely strength of association, consistency, temporality, and biological gradient. Three criteria, biological plausibility, coherence, and analogy, were partially met. Specificity and experimental evidence were not supported by the available literature. The SCC model highlights the fundamental role of vaccination as a preventive causal component. It also contributes to two criteria, strength of association and temporality, while emphasising the limitation of specificity in causal inference. COVID\u201019 vaccination has proven effective beyond the acute phase of the disease, with protection extending to a reduced risk of post\u2010COVID cardiovascular conditions. Comprehensive immunisation strategies and reinfection prevention are essential to mitigate the burden of post\u2010COVID conditions. Additional studies are needed to explore the underlying biological mechanisms, interactions, and the role of COVID\u201019 vaccination in preventing post\u2010COVID complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:44:56Z","timestamp":1791661496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does COVID\u201019 Vaccination Protect Against Post\u2010COVID Cardiovascular Conditions?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3307-5186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidian Franci Batalha Santa","family":"Maria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Center of Tropical Medicine Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4922-6349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Coutinho Xavier","family":"Naves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Transplant Institute of the Federal District  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth Carmen","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Center of Tropical Medicine Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isis Polianna Silva Ferreira de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology Secretariat of Science Technology, Innovation and Health Complex Ministry of Health  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5982-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry Maia","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Center of Tropical Medicine Campus Universit\u00e1rio Darcy Ribeiro University of Brasilia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1413\u201081232023282.16752022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.05.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd\u2010v11i16.37905"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life15030388"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v51i2.4320"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.059204"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010020\u201000703\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886\u2010023\u201001950\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac228"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101195"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126497"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201047463\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8873"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Fatores de Risco Cardiovascular: A complexa rela\u00e7\u00e3o Causal entre sa\u00fade E doen\u00e7a como base conceitual Para interven\u00e7\u00e3o e controle","volume":"16","author":"Souza N. R.\u00a0M. de","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista da SOCERJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201002051\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2023.02.008"}],"container-title":["Reviews in Medical Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.70219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rmv.70219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rmv.70219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:44:58Z","timestamp":1791661498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rmv.70219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rmv.70219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.70219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-9276","1099-1654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-9276","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1654","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70219"}}