{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:24:12Z","timestamp":1770337452416,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scanning"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Onychomycosis is a common dermatological problem and can be identified by direct microscopic examination and fungal culture. However, the positive rate of fungal culture is low. This study investigated the application of scanning electron microscopy in the diagnosis of onychomycosis in 20 patients with negative fungal culture. In this study, a routine glutaraldehyde fixation method was used to prepare specimens for electron microscope examination. Results showed that under the scanning electron microscope, significant structural damage was observed in the nail plate in all patients. Hyphaes were seen in 70% of cases. A mixture of scattered hyphaes, pseudohyphaes, and spores was observed in 30% of cases. A mixture of spores and bacteria was observed in 10% of cases. A mixture of hyphaes and bacteria was observed in 20% of cases. The typical hyphae pierced a thin layer or single layer of corneocytes. Hyphaes could be smooth, sleek, and straight with visible separation, or dry, bent, and folded with a smooth surface. The diameter of hyphaes was 1\u20132\u2009\u00b5m. The scattered spores were the main form of spore growth, and the growth of budding spores can be seen attached to the surface of layered armor. Most of the bacteria were gathered in clumps on the ventral surface, especially in grooves. In conclusion, scanning electron microscopy can be used to preliminarily identify the pathogen involved and the degree of damage in cases where onychomycosis is clinically diagnosed, but fungal culture is negative. SCANNING 38:172\u2013176, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.21252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T13:45:41Z","timestamp":1440078341000},"page":"172-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Scanning electron microscopy of the nail plate in onychomycosis patients with negative fungal culture"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Xueping","family":"Yue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrastructural Pathology Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, First Hospital of Peking University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrastructural Pathology Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuiping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrastructural Pathology Beijing Neurosurgical Institute Capital Medical University Beijing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.04251.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"807","article-title":"Pathogenic analysis of 127 cases of onychomycoiss","volume":"8","author":"Feng J","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Postgra"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-005-6872-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Analysis of scanning EM in 48 cases of suspicious onychomycosis","volume":"30","author":"Jian H","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13693781003743130"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000372-198710000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Analysis of pathogenic fungi of onychomycosis from 29 cases","volume":"12","author":"Liu C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Dermato Venerol Integ Trad W Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1981.tb01020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2010.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Effect of long pulse Nd:YAG 1064nm laser irradiation on the growth and ultrastructural changes of Trichophyton rubrum","volume":"8","author":"Zhuo F","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Lepr Skin Dis"}],"container-title":["Scanning"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsca.21252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsca.21252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sca.21252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T09:29:34Z","timestamp":1696498174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sca.21252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sca.21252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sca.21252","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-0457","1932-8745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-0457","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-8745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]]}}}