{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:26:26Z","timestamp":1790504786837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":510,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Government S & T grant, Taiwan","award":["109-1901-01-19-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-1901-01-19-07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"NHRI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09A1-CSPP06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09A1-CSPP06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Science & Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOST-107-2314-B002-104-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-107-2314-B002-104-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09A1\u2010CSPP06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09A1\u2010CSPP06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The broad immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have allowed for wide application in regenerative medicine as well as immune\/inflammatory diseases, including unmatched allogeneic use. The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has unleashed a pandemic in record time accompanied by an alarming mortality rate mainly due to pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Because there are no effective preventive or curative therapies currently, MSC therapy (MSCT) has emerged as a possible candidate despite the lack of preclinical data of MSCs for COVID-19. Interestingly, MSCT preclinical data specifically on immune\/inflammatory disorders of the lungs were among the earliest to be reported in 2003, with the first clinical use of MSCT for graft-vs-host disease reported in 2004. Since these first reports, preclinical data showing beneficial effects of MSC immunomodulation have accumulated substantially, and as a consequence, over a third of MSCT clinical trials now target immune\/inflammatory diseases. There is much preclinical evidence for MSCT in noninfectious\u2014including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis\u2014as well as infectious bacterial immune\/inflammatory lung disorders, with data generally demonstrating therapeutic effects; however, for infectious viral pulmonary conditions, the preclinical evidence is more scarce with some inconsistent outcomes. In this article, we review the mechanistic evidence for clinical use of MSCs in pulmonary immune\/inflammatory disorders, and survey the ongoing clinical trials\u2014including for COVID-19\u2014of MSCT for these diseases, with some perspectives and comment on MSCT for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.20-0186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T20:09:20Z","timestamp":1591906160000},"page":"1163-1173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Current status of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for immune\/inflammatory lung disorders: Gleaning insights for possible use in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"B. Linju","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenerative Medicine Research Group Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) 1 , Zhunan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Men-Luh","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics\/Gynecology National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU 2 , Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Tzu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics\/Gynecology National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU 2 , Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-Jiunn","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI 3 , Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huey-Kang","family":"Sytwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI 4 , Zhunan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department & Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology National Defense Medical Center 5 , Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-019-0083-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell perspective: cell biology to clinical progress","volume":"4","author":"Pittenger","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2011.06.008","article-title":"The MSC: an injury drugstore","volume":"9","author":"Caplan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16104-7","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"363","author":"Le Blanc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(01)00769-X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo","volume":"30","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3838","article-title":"Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli","volume":"99","author":"Di Nicola","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01176.x","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit and stimulate mixed lymphocyte cultures and mitogenic responses independently of the major histocompatibility complex","volume":"57","author":"Le Blanc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2395","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease","volume":"8","author":"Uccelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3209","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and the innate immune system","volume":"12","author":"Le Blanc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0289-5","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treatment towards immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases: review of current clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1432929100","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell engraftment in lung is enhanced in response to bleomycin exposure and ameliorates its fibrotic effects","volume":"100","author":"Ortiz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5655","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01488","article-title":"In vivo contribution of murine mesenchymal stem cells into multiple cell-types under minimal damage conditions","volume":"117","author":"Anjos-Afonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12050","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and the lung","volume":"18","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6019","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review","author":"Sanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.04.005","article-title":"Lung homeostasis: influence of age, microbes, and the immune system","volume":"46","author":"Lloyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411863","article-title":"The asthma-COPD overlap syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Postma","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1705751","article-title":"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"378","author":"Lederer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24377","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells protect cigarette smoke-damaged lung and pulmonary function partly via VEGF-VEGF receptors","volume":"114","author":"Guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.192","article-title":"Paracrine factors of multipotent stromal cells ameliorate lung injury in an elastase-induced emphysema model","volume":"19","author":"Katsha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-015-0316-1","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2-activated human mesenchymal stromal cells increase airway epithelial wound healing in vitro via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"17","author":"Broekman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01522.x","article-title":"Autologous transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells ameliorates pulmonary emphysema","volume":"6","author":"Shigemura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38207","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells exert HGF dependent cytoprotective effects in a human relevant pre-clinical model of COPD","volume":"6","author":"Kennelly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0126OC","article-title":"Adipose stem cell treatment in mice attenuates lung and systemic injury induced by cigarette smoking","volume":"183","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3109\/14653241003745888","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in papain-induced emphysematous lungs and inhibits apoptosis of lung cells","volume":"12","author":"Zhen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L255","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00253.2010","article-title":"Bone marrow cells repair cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in rats","volume":"301","author":"Huh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2011.3.3.205","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell transfer suppresses airway remodeling in a toluene diisocyanate-induced murine asthma model","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4560","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303461","article-title":"Functional effects of TGF-\u03b21 on mesenchymal stem cell mobilization in cockroach allergen-induced asthma","volume":"192","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L760","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00182.2009","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells suppress chronic airway inflammation in the murine ovalbumin asthma model","volume":"299","author":"Bonfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1241","article-title":"Human pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent allergic airway inflammation in mice","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.09.012","article-title":"Connexin 43-mediated mitochondrial transfer of iPSC-MSCs alleviates asthma inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2015.0339","article-title":"MicroRNAs involved in asthma after mesenchymal stem cells treatment","volume":"25","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.12.021","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote immunosuppression of regulatory T cells in asthma","volume":"363","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-18-49","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of human adult and fetal multipotent mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11002","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704421104","article-title":"Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist mediates the antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of mesenchymal stem cells during lung injury","volume":"104","author":"Ortiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L829","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00347.2011","article-title":"Bronchioalveolar stem cells increase after mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"302","author":"Tropea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080629","article-title":"Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce fibrosis of bleomycin-induced lung injury","volume":"175","author":"Moodley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.3727\/096368909X471189","article-title":"Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26418","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells prevent bleomycin-induced lung and skin fibrosis in aged mice and restore wound healing","volume":"233","author":"Rubio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0846-9","article-title":"Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates pulmonary fibrosis of silicosis via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects in rats","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.06.032","article-title":"Human placental mesenchymal stem cells of fetal origins-alleviated inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating MyD88 signaling in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0337","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor is required for mesenchymal stromal cell protection against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Cahill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2016-0054","article-title":"Oncostatin M-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through paracrine effects of the hepatocyte growth factor","volume":"6","author":"Lan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128060","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell exosomes prevent and revert experimental pulmonary fibrosis through modulation of monocyte phenotypes","volume":"4","author":"Mansouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury","volume":"353","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt68","article-title":"Human multipotent stromal cells attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via secretion of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1-induced protein 6","volume":"2","author":"Danchuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26211","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.119917","article-title":"Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells restore epithelial protein permeability in cultured human alveolar type II cells by secretion of angiopoietin-1","volume":"285","author":"Fang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040269","article-title":"Prevention of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing angiopoietin 1","volume":"4","author":"Mei","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.544","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of human mesenchymal stem cells is mediated in part from secretion of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37","volume":"28","author":"Krasnodembskaya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201176","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival and bacterial clearance in murine Escherichia coli pneumonia","volume":"67","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201410-1765OC","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in severe pneumonia in mice","volume":"192","author":"Monsel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801534","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles decrease lung injury in mice","volume":"203","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16357","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907996106","article-title":"Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of E. coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in the ex vivo perfused human lung","volume":"106","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2372","article-title":"Mitochondrial transfer via tunneling nanotubes is an important mechanism by which mesenchymal stem cells enhance macrophage phagocytosis in the in vitro and in vivo models of ARDS","volume":"34","author":"Jackson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0170OC","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate macrophages in clinically relevant lung injury models by extracellular vesicle mitochondrial transfer","volume":"196","author":"Morrison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.3.1855","article-title":"Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"179","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L967","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00144.2011","article-title":"Stem cell conditioned medium improves acute lung injury in mice: in vivo evidence for stem cell paracrine action","volume":"303","author":"Ionescu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2018.01.003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory roles of mesenchymal stromal cells during acute Streptococcus pneumoniae pulmonary infection in mice","volume":"20","author":"Asami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1905","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production","volume":"15","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009252","article-title":"Mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells turn activated macrophages into a regulatory-like profile","volume":"5","author":"Maggini","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0416","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit neutrophil apoptosis: a model for neutrophil preservation in the bone marrow niche","volume":"26","author":"Raffaghello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.651","article-title":"Toll-like receptor-3-activated human mesenchymal stromal cells significantly prolong the survival and function of neutrophils","volume":"29","author":"Cassatella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1270","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells improve survival during sepsis in the absence of heme oxygenase-1: the importance of neutrophils","volume":"31","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X656063","article-title":"Influenza virus infects bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro: implications for bone marrow transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Khatri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081805","article-title":"Tropism of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to mesenchymal stem cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells","volume":"8","author":"Thanunchai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071761","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cell therapy fails to improve outcomes in experimental severe influenza","volume":"8","author":"Darwish","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L395","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00110.2014","article-title":"Influenza causes prolonged disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier in mice unresponsive to mesenchymal stem cell therapy","volume":"307","author":"Gotts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-018-0774-8","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model","volume":"9","author":"Khatri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-016-0395-z","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment prevents H9N2 avian influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy478","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in attenuating influenza A(H5N1) virus-associated acute lung injury","volume":"219","author":"Loy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601911113","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells reduce influenza A H5N1-associated acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo","volume":"113","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","author":"Grasselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12399","article-title":"Lymph node - an organ for T-cell activation and pathogen defense","volume":"271","author":"Gasteiger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000082540.43730.80","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the formation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but not activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes or natural killer cells","volume":"76","author":"Rasmusson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1755","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells differentially modulate effector CD8+ T cell subsets and exacerbate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"32","author":"Glenn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12199","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells control alloreactive CD8(+) CD28(\u2212) T cells","volume":"174","author":"Engela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2795","article-title":"Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells results in downregulation of c-Myc and DNA replication pathways with immunomodulation toward CD4 and CD8 cells","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0077","first-page":"4640","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells shift CD8+ T cells towards a suppressive phenotype by inducing tolerogenic monocytes","volume":"125","author":"Hof-Nahor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2014.273","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit proliferation of virus-specific CD8(+) T cells","volume":"28","author":"Malcherek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119370","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells exert differential effects on alloantigen and virus-specific T-cell responses","volume":"112","author":"Karlsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2013-0191","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy is associated with increased adenovirus-associated but not cytomegalovirus-associated mortality in children with severe acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"3","author":"Calkoen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2094","article-title":"A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of mesenchymal stem cells in COPD","volume":"143","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-15-39","article-title":"Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome with allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"15","author":"Zheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70291-7","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells for treatment of ARDS: a phase 1 clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12343","article-title":"A phase 1b study of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Chambers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.061","article-title":"Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via intravenous delivery (AETHER): a phase I safety clinical trial","volume":"151","author":"Glassberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0021","article-title":"In vivo effects of mesenchymal stromal cells in two patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Simonson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.006","article-title":"Clinical study of mesenchymal stem cell treating acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by epidemic influenza A (H7N9) infection, a hint for COVID-19 treatment","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147170","article-title":"Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell therapy for acute lung injury in preclinical animal models: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"McIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1729","article-title":"Do cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells display impaired immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties?","volume":"32","author":"Moll","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2001126","article-title":"Another decade, another coronavirus","volume":"382","author":"Perlman","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2006100","article-title":"Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic population","author":"Gudbjartsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0228","article-title":"Transplantation of ACE2(\u2212) mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.003","article-title":"COVID-19: a new virus, but a familiar receptor and cytokine release syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Hirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.05015-11","article-title":"Into the eye of the cytokine storm","volume":"76","author":"Tisoncik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0096","author":"International Society of Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT)"},{"key":"2022061708582557400_sct312759-bib-0097","author":"International Society of Stem Cell Research (ISSCR)"}],"container-title":["Stem Cells Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsctm.20-0186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sctm.20-0186","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/sctm.20-0186","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/1163\/44114309\/stcltm_9_10_1163.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article-pdf\/9\/10\/1163\/44114309\/stcltm_9_10_1163.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T09:00:43Z","timestamp":1655456443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article\/9\/10\/1163\/6406956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sctm.20-0186","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-6564","2157-6580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2157-6564","type":"print"},{"value":"2157-6580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}