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A wide range of imaging and spectroscopy\u2010based techniques is nowadays available from optical microscopy, UV fluorescence photography, IR reflectography, X\u2010radiography, thermography, to scanning\/transmission\/environmental electron microscopy (SEM\/TEM, E\u2010SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FTIR and Raman microscopy (micro\u2010FTIR, micro\u2010Raman), X\u2010ray spectrometry (WDXRF\/EDXRF\/TXRF, XPS), Ion Beam Analyses (PIXE\/PIGE, RBS, SR), etc. The most reliable and complete information can be obtained from an integrated, complementary and interdisciplinary approach, but microscopy still remains one of the most used and efficient tools in the characterization of gilding materials and their application techniques. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,26]],"date-time":"2011-01-26T03:55:33Z","timestamp":1296014133000},"page":"1134-1151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Ancient \u2018gilded\u2019 art objects from European cultural heritage: a review on different scales of characterization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Crina Anca Sandu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Helena","family":"de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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