{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:09:47Z","timestamp":1777633787496,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS2015373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS2015373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS2027855"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS2027855"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS2311064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS2311064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS2319260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS2319260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K02 AA028630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K02 AA028630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA019511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA019511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI179404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI179404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>: Outcome measures that are count variables with excessive zeros are common in health behaviors research. Examples include the number of standard drinks consumed or alcohol\u2010related problems experienced over time. There is a lack of empirical data about the relative performance of prevailing statistical models for assessing the efficacy of interventions when outcomes are zero\u2010inflated, particularly compared with recently developed marginalized count regression approaches for such data. <jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>: The current simulation study examined five commonly used approaches for analyzing count outcomes, including two linear models (with outcomes on raw and log\u2010transformed scales, respectively) and three prevailing count distribution\u2010based models (ie, Poisson, negative binomial, and zero\u2010inflated Poisson (ZIP) models). We also considered the marginalized zero\u2010inflated Poisson (MZIP) model, a novel alternative that estimates the overall effects on the population mean while adjusting for zero\u2010inflation. Motivated by alcohol misuse prevention trials, extensive simulations were conducted to evaluate and compare the statistical power and Type I error rate of the statistical models and approaches across data conditions that varied in sample size ( to 500), zero rate (0.2 to 0.8), and intervention effect sizes. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Under zero\u2010inflation, the Poisson model failed to control the Type I error rate, resulting in higher than expected false positive results. When the intervention effects on the zero (vs. non\u2010zero) and count parts were in the same direction, the MZIP model had the highest statistical power, followed by the linear model with outcomes on the raw scale, negative binomial model, and ZIP model. The performance of the linear model with a log\u2010transformed outcome variable was unsatisfactory. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>: The MZIP model demonstrated better statistical properties in detecting true intervention effects and controlling false positive results for zero\u2010inflated count outcomes. This MZIP model may serve as an appealing analytical approach to evaluating overall intervention effects in studies with count outcomes marked by excessive zeros.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.10198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T09:23:02Z","timestamp":1724836982000},"page":"4752-4767","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A simulation study of the performance of statistical models for count outcomes with excessive zeros"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8039-418X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dateng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norden Lofts  White Plains New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minge","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics Rutgers University  Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun\u2010Young","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Community Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Fort Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00183-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2017.1364717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000452675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-022-01420-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.202200222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"ZhouZ LiD HuhD MunE\u2010Y.mcount: Marginalized count regression models.2022.https:\/\/CRAN.R\u2010project.org\/package=mcount. R package version 1.0.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061562"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0417-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511973420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2012.668550"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Zero\u2010inflated Poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing","volume":"34","author":"Lambert D","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dent Tech"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(86)90002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2009.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhouZ LiD HuhD XieM MunE\u2010Y.Script for: Zhou et al. (2024). A simulation study of the performance of statistical models for count outcomes with excessive zeros. Mendeley Data V2.2024. doi:10.17632\/r5bztdd766.2","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.10198"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.10198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T11:44:09Z","timestamp":1729079049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.10198"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.10198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.10198","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}