{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T09:10:27Z","timestamp":1726218627312},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,5]],"date-time":"2003-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a clinical trial where some subjects receive one or more non\u2010randomized interventions during follow\u2010up, primary interest is in the effect of the overall treatment strategies as implemented, but it may also be of interest to adjust treatment comparisons for non\u2010randomized interventions. We consider non\u2010randomized interventions, especially surgical procedures, which only occur when the outcome would otherwise have been poor. Focusing on an outcome measured repeatedly over time, we describe the variety of questions that may be addressed by an adjusted analysis. The adjusted analyses involve new outcome variables defined in terms of the observed outcomes and the history of non\u2010randomized intervention. We also show how to check the assumption that the outcome would otherwise have been poor, and how to do a sensitivity analysis. We apply these methods to a clinical trial comparing initial angioplasty with medical management in patients with angina. We find that the initial benefit of a single angioplasty in reducing angina tends to disappear with time, but a policy of additional interventions as required yields a benefit that is maintained over 4 years. Such methods may be of interest to many pragmatic randomized trials in which the effects of the initial randomized treatments and the effects of the overall treatment strategies as implemented are both of interest. Copyright \u00a9 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,14]],"date-time":"2003-02-14T14:07:37Z","timestamp":1045231657000},"page":"781-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adjusting treatment comparisons to account for non\u2010randomized interventions: an example from an angina trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ian R.","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart J.","family":"Pocock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980215)17:3<319::AID-SIM765>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19991015)18:19<2617::AID-SIM187>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07298-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.54.3.947585"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","article-title":"Symmetric nearest neighbour smoothing","volume":"41","author":"Sasieni P","year":"1998","journal-title":"STATA technical bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90348-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Clinical Trails: a Practical Approach","author":"Pocock SJ","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780091204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780121302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960215)15:3<249::AID-SIM160>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199708000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929108830654"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(93)90012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780131604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.927"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis with Missing Data","author":"Little RJA","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"StataCorp. 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