{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T20:03:04Z","timestamp":1750363384912},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,11]],"date-time":"2004-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1076457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In clinical decision making, it is common to ask whether, and how much, a diagnostic procedure is contributing to subsequent treatment decisions. Statistically, quantification of the value of the information provided by a diagnostic procedure can be carried out using decision trees with multiple decision points, representing both the diagnostic test and the subsequent treatments that may depend on the test's results. This article investigates probabilistic sensitivity analysis approaches for exploring and communicating parameter uncertainty in such decision trees. Complexities arise because uncertainty about a model's inputs determines uncertainty about optimal decisions at all decision nodes of a tree. We present the expected utility solution strategy for multistage decision problems in the presence of uncertainty on input parameters, propose a set of graphical displays and summarization tools for probabilistic sensitivity analysis in multistage decision trees, and provide an application to axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,19]],"date-time":"2004-02-19T08:03:31Z","timestamp":1077177811000},"page":"843-855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Uncertainty and the value of diagnostic information, with application to axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Parmigiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8500500205","article-title":"Probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation A practical approach","volume":"5","author":"Doubilet P","year":"1985","journal-title":"Medical Decision Making"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X8600600205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(86)90020-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Modeling in Medical Decision Making","author":"Parmigiani G","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-4485-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9701700404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9901900314"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Making Hard Decisions","author":"Clemen RT","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"Applied Statistical Decision Theory","author":"Raiffa H","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Medical Decision Making","author":"Lusted LB","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","volume-title":"Clinical Decision Analysis","author":"Weinstein MC","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00132613"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981001)83:7<1362::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(99)70100-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90997-H","article-title":"Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy","volume":"339","author":"Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11423-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511303332202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"CadyB.Is axillary lymph node dissection necessary in the routine management of breast cancer?No. Important Advances in Oncology1996;251\u2013256."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"MooreMP KinneDW.Is axillary lymph node dissection necessary in the routine management of breast cancer?Yes. 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