{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T22:43:12Z","timestamp":1700174592736},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1095984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The improved quality of hospital admissions data makes them a valuable resource for researchers. However, we show that, when multiple providers of health care are considered, the provider (in this case hospital) may act like other confounders such as socio\u2010economic status, and hence must be controlled for. Such control is not as straightforward as for conventional confounders, however, but we describe a method that is appropriate under certain assumptions. We also describe a number of other statistical issues, such as the modelling of spatial and non\u2010spatial overdispersion, that arose during the use of hospital data in a study to investigate the possible adverse health effects of living in proximity to six cokeworks groups in England and Wales. The outcome data that we consider consist of hospital admissions for all respiratory disease in the under\u20105s. The ecological level of the analysis is the census\u2010defined enumeration district, and the main (proxy) exposure measure utilised is the spatial location of the enumeration district population\u2010weighted centroid in relation to the cokeworks. We focus on the Teesside cokeworks group, for which we also had sulphur dioxide measurements from dispersion modelling as an alternative exposure measure. The major local providers varied appreciably in their standardized admission ratios for respiratory disease, and when provider was controlled for, the size of the observed excess risk found close to the cokeworks was decreased, making control for the provider of health care vital. However, the presence of multiple pollution sources, in addition to the usual shortcomings of ecological studies, makes interpretation difficult. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T18:09:23Z","timestamp":1096049363000},"page":"3139-3158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Controlling for provider of treatment in the modelling of respiratory disease risk near cokeworks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alex","family":"Bottle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Wakefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications","author":"Elliott P","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.3.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890009603381"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990915\/30)18:17\/18<2377::AID-SIM263>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.3.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"Deprivation and Health in Scotland","author":"Carstairs V","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.49.Suppl_2.S9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6805.750"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.49.Suppl_2.S72"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.9.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"26","article-title":"To whom do you refer?","volume":"23","author":"Clemence L","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Service Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114892","article-title":"The ecological fallacy","volume":"127","author":"Piantadosi S","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.1.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/16.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780110907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117069"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications","author":"Richardson S","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-985X.00191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.6.1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Statistical Methods in Cancer Research II","author":"Breslow NE","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications","author":"Morris SE","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","unstructured":"ThomasB et al.Pollution at cokeworks: joint report of investigations into the measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzene toluene and xylene in and around cokeworks. Commission of the European Communities Luxembourg Belgium EUR 13196 EN 1991."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.49.Suppl_2.S20"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-985X.1997.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2983063"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2983363"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6","volume-title":"Monographs on Statistics and Probability. Generalized Linear Models","author":"McCullagh P","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Spatial Epidemiology: Methods and Applications","author":"Wakefield JC","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00116466"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-0420.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","unstructured":"BottleRA.Adjustments for the provider effect using hospital data in small area studies. Ph.D. Thesis Imperial College London 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","volume-title":"User Guide","author":"ADMS\u2010Urban version 1.53","year":"1999"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.1880","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.1880","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T22:13:25Z","timestamp":1700172805000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.1880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.1880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1880","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]]}}}