{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:03:48Z","timestamp":1791407028933,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,27]],"date-time":"2005-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1127779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Estimation and group comparison of survival curves are two very common issues in survival analysis. In practice, the Kaplan\u2013Meier estimates of survival functions may be biased due to unbalanced distribution of confounders. Here we develop an adjusted Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator (AKME) to reduce confounding effects using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Each observation is weighted by its inverse probability of being in a certain group. The AKME is shown to be a consistent estimate of the survival function, and the variance of the AKME is derived. A weighted log\u2010rank test is proposed for comparing group differences of survival functions. Simulation studies are used to illustrate the performance of AKME and the weighted log\u2010rank test. The method proposed here outperforms the Kaplan\u2013Meier estimate, and it does better than or as well as other estimators based on stratification. The AKME and the weighted log\u2010rank test are applied to two real examples: one is the study of times to reinfection of sexually transmitted diseases, and the other is the primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) study. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,27]],"date-time":"2005-09-27T09:47:18Z","timestamp":1127814438000},"page":"3089-3110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":456,"title":["Adjusted Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator and log\u2010rank test with inverse probability of treatment weighting for survival data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaofeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life\u2010tables (with discussion)","volume":"24","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3294-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(71)90041-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780141603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610928808829621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008670"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214502753479383"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483446"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780110608"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1997.10474004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1903"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100509"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4348-9","volume-title":"Statistical Models Based on Counting Processes","author":"Andersen PK","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/b97377"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","volume-title":"Counting Processes and Survival Analysis","author":"Fleming TR","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2344317"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.2174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.2174","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T10:39:03Z","timestamp":1735987143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.2174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.2174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.2174","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,27]]}}}