{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:52:51Z","timestamp":1790632371930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]],"date-time":"2006-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The accuracy of a binary\u2010scale diagnostic test can be represented by sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). Although Se and Sp measure the intrinsic accuracy of a diagnostic test that does not depend on the prevalence rate, they do not provide information on the diagnostic accuracy of a particular patient. To obtain this information we need to use PPV and NPV. Since PPV and NPV are functions of both the accuracy of the test and the prevalence of the disease, constructing their confidence intervals for a particular patient is not straightforward. In this paper, a novel method for the estimation of PPV and NPV, as well as their confidence intervals, is developed. For both predictive values, standard, adjusted and their logit transformed\u2010based confidence intervals are compared using coverage probabilities and interval lengths in a simulation study. These methods are then applied to two case\u2013control studies: a diagnostic test assessing the ability of the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (ApoE.e4) on distinguishing patients with late\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a prognostic test assessing the predictive ability of a 70\u2010gene signature on breast cancer metastasis. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,23]],"date-time":"2006-08-23T11:53:20Z","timestamp":1156334000000},"page":"2170-2183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":366,"title":["Confidence intervals for predictive values with an emphasis to case\u2013control studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel D.","family":"Mercaldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit F.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao H.","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403535101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415530a"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/3.4.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1009213286"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198509844.001.0001","volume-title":"The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction","author":"Pepe MS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria. ISBN 3\u2010900051\u201007\u20100 URLhttp:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.3.641"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430180093036","article-title":"Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons","volume":"262","author":"Evans DA","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.8.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91705-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802193380804"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367923"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","author":"Schottenfeld D","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021967"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041588"}],"container-title":["Statistics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fsim.2677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sim.2677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T10:09:51Z","timestamp":1699956591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sim.2677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,30]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sim.2677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.2677","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-6715","1097-0258"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-6715","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0258","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,30]]}}}